China Challenges

China's Great Game in Asia

The Economist says:

A decade ago, China's new role as the world's workshop was one indirect cause of regional financial crisis. Investors began to take fright at the scale of current-account deficits in countries such as Thailand, where export growth had stalled or slowed, in part as a result of new competition from China. Many in the region saw China's supercharged growth as a threat. Many still do, but these days just as many see it as an opportunity. Most Asian countries enjoy surpluses in their trade with China.

And yet, as our special report in this week's issue argues, if you scour the region for China's firm friends it is hard to find them. Even Russia, where China's president, Hu Jintao, was this week pressing the flesh, is a fair-weather friend—or rather sees China as a foul-weather insurance policy. India and Japan, China's other big regional counterparts, both view it with suspicion at best and, at worst, paranoia. That leaves as China's chums a scanty list of Neanderthal dictatorships such as Myanmar and North Korea. And even their friendship does not amount to much.

To read more:

http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8928981

Greedy Hospital is Caught in Hangzhou

Reuters reports:

A group of Chinese reporters came up with a novel idea to test how greedy local hospitals were -- pass off tea as urine samples and submit the drink for tests.

The results: six out of 10 hospitals in Hangzhou, the capital of the rich coastal province of Zhejiang, visited by the reporters over a two-day period this month concluded that the patients' urinal tracts were infected.

Five of the hospitals prescribed medication costing up to 400 yuan ($50), the online edition of the semi-official China News Service (www.chinanews.com) said in a report seen on Wednesday. Of the hospitals, four were state-owned.

"It makes one shiver all over even though it's not cold," the China News Service said after its reporters and colleagues from Zhejiang Television tested the hospitals.

To read more:

http://www.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUSPEK13805720070321?feedType=RSS

Bad PR in China - the New Protectionism

The Economist:

THIS week's target, on China's Consumer Rights Day, was PSA Peugeot Citröen, a French carmaker. Newspapers across the country published pictures of one of its cars being towed to a dealer by four bedraggled horses. The car's owner, a Mr Chen, claimed it was defective, despite damage that looked suspiciously like the result of a head-on collision. The car had “exploded for no reason”, Mr Chen told reporters, who dutifully relayed his story unquestioned.

The rights of 44% of Chinese consumers, says the official Consumers' Association, have been “seriously violated” in the past year. It has recommended a ten-point action plan to tackle the problem. The uninitiated would be forgiven for thinking that its campaign was aimed at local firms, which are notorious for churning out shoddy or dangerous goods. But much of the venom in the press, at any rate, is directed at big multinationals.

To read more:

http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=8904597

Western Food Chains Face Labor Probe in Guangzhou

The China Economic Review reports:

KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut have been accused by local media in Guangdong province of not complying with labor laws when hiring local staff. Labor authorities are investigating allegations by the Guangzhou-based New Express Daily that the three restaurant chains were paying part-time workers in several Guangdong cities much less than the local minimum wage, the South China Morning Post reported. The report also accused the restaurants of demanding part-time employees work the hours of full-time staff but failing to pay them any full-time staff benefits. Both McDonald's and Yum, owner of KFC and Pizza Hut in China, have not yet responded to the allegations.

To read more:

www.chinaeconomicreview.com

Demonize the Japanese

Tom Plate writes at Asia Media:

Sure, we can blame Japan for everything that's basically wrong in Asia, if that's the game we want to play. Who is going to stop us?

But is this what we really want to do? Demonize the Japanese at virtually every turn? 
Please reconsider because this wouldn't be right nor would it be smart.

Take the bilious controversy over the decision of the current Japanese government to elevate its Defense Ministry to Cabinet-level status. Such cabinet ranking is normal for any country. But when Japan aims for the normal, it tends to trigger a storm of anguish from people who are convinced that Japan is hopelessly guided by devious intentions that should always be suspect.

This is wrong thinking. Consider Tokyo's talk about loosening Constitutional inhibitions on how Japan can deploy its armed forces. Again, you would think we were on the edge of world war. In fact, such a revision would simply be consistent with Japan's contributions to the U.S. war against Iraq. However ill-conceived the latter, the former effort was entirely well-intentioned -- basically, just one friend making a very public point of helping out another.

To read more:

http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/columns.asp?parentid=66389

A Homeowner in Chongqing Takes a Stand

The NY Times reports:

For weeks the confrontation drew attention from people all across China, as a simple homeowner stared down the forces of large-scale redevelopment that are sweeping this country, blocking the preparation of a gigantic construction site by an act of sheer will.

To read more:

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/27/world/asia/27china.html?_r=1&ref=asia&oref=slogin

China's Interest Tax Sparks Debate

The Asia Times Online reports:

The interest tax imposed by the Chinese government on personal bank savings has been met with widespread public opposition, a survey reveals.

The survey, conducted jointly by China Youth Daily and QQ.com, revealed that 93.7% of the 6,723 respondents considered the current interest tax "unreasonable".

To read more:

http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/IC23Cb02.html

China's YouTube Mining for Minerals

Perry Wu, in a commentary at China Tech News, explains:

Perhaps only in China can investors find companies engaged in online video sharing also doing brisk business in mining of minerals. A recent press release issued by China YouTV (CYTV.OB) is yet another reason why I only choose to write about China's tech world, and keep my money far away from the Middle Kingdom and its many dubious listed technology companies.

On March 5, 2007, Admax Resources changed its name to China YouTV Corporation. I'm not joking when I relay the following from the company's release: "The company intends to participate in the fast growing video sharing web site market in China, and at the same time, to continue its exploration of mineral properties in British Columbia, Canada."

To read more:

http://www.chinatechnews.com/2007/03/14/5103-the-chinese-youtube-company-that-wants-to-keep-mining/

Mao Anqing Dies

AP reports:

Mao Anqing, the only known surviving son of Mao Zedong, the late founder of China's communist government, has died at 84, a government news agency reported Saturday.

Mao Anqing died Friday, the China News Service said, without giving a cause of death.

Mao Anqing, who had no role in government, suffered from psychiatric problems and is believed to have spent much of his adult life in mental hospitals.

To read more:

http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1173879161585&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull

Dell Goes after Novice Computer Users in China

In a press release, the American computer maker says:

Dell today introduced its new Dell EC280, a complete desktop computer developed for Chinese consumers who are first-time or relative novice personal-computer users. The product was developed by engineers at Dell's China Design Center located in Shanghai.

"Our business has always been about understanding customer requirements, then meeting them with great technology, great service and great value," said Michael Dell, the company's chief executive officer, at a product launch here today. "This is a product designed first for the demands of Chinese customers."

To read more:

http://www1.ap.dell.com/content/topics/topic.aspx/ap/corporate/en/pressoffice/2007/cn/2007_03_21_cn_000?c=cn&l=en&s=corp

In Search of Balanced Development

At the Foreign Policy in Focus, Emanuel Pastreich compares the US and China.  He notes:

The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) developed by Yale's Center for Environmental Law and Policy or the standards advanced in the Human Development Index (HDI) offer hints as to what a balanced assessment of development might look like. Both the United States (28th in the 2006 EPI, 8th in the HDI) and China (94th in the EPI, 81st in the HDI) have considerable room for improvement.

To read more:

http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4066

Baidu Offers Search Engine for Blind

CSR China reports:

Chinese search engine service provider Baidu.com says it will soon launch a barrier-free service for the blind and those with visual disabilities.

Baidu began developing the barrier-free project about six months ago and named it  "The Blind's Lane Program". This program has reportedly received great support from the China Blind People's Association.

China has about 5 million blind people, accounting for 18% of the world's total. It also has more than 6 million people who have visual disabilities.

Although there is a lot of software for the blind to use, most of the software are not specially designed for the blind to approach and search Internet information. Baidu says this is why it has launched this new service.

To read more:

http://www.chinacsr.com/2007/03/16/1142-baidu-will-offer-search-engine-service-for-the-blind/

French Candidate Calls For 2008 Olympic Boycott

The China Economic Review reports:

French presidential candidate Francois Bayrou has called for a boycott of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing to protest China's soft stance on Sudan in the face of continuing violence in Darfur. The International Herald Tribune reported that at a rally on Tuesday, Bayrou said, "This is a political issue because China decided to bring its protection to the Khartoum regime," and that France "would do itself credit" by abstaining from the Games. China, which opposes sanctions against Sudan, did not immediately respond to Bayrou's remarks. The presidential campaign in France has seen candidates vie for the toughest position on the crisis in Darfur, which many have called genocide. Last month president Hu Jintao was in Sudan asking the government to allow a greater UN role in the country, to no avail. China is Sudan's top foreign investor, buying two thirds of the African country's oil exports.

Source: http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/dailybriefing/info/Frenchman_calls_for_boycott_of_Beijing_Olympics.html

Remin Dean Fired Over Blog Comments

Reuters reports:

A prestigious Chinese university has fired one of its deans days after he complained about being sidelined for bold remarks on academic freedom and berated the country's higher education woes on the Internet.

To read more:

http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070319/tc_nm/china_dean_dc

Water Shortage in Northwest China

The China Economic Review notes:

A drought in northeastern China has left 700,000 people short of water and forced farmers to scramble for supplies to keep crops and livestock alive. The 30% drop in annual rainfall in Liaoning province has caused wells to dry up, forcing farmers to dig deeper for water or to divert it from nearby reservoirs, AFP reported. The region, which is experiencing its warmest winter in 56 years, has reported groundwater levels in the province have dropped by up to 35cm (13.8in) from 2006.

To read more:

www.chinaeconomicreview.com

Saving the Manchu Language

The NY Times reports:

Ms. Meng is one of 18 residents of this isolated village in northeastern China, all over 80 years old, who, according to Chinese linguists and historians, are the last native speakers of Manchu.

Descendants of seminomadic tribesmen who conquered China in the 17th century, they are the last living link to a language that for more than two and a half centuries was the official voice of the Qing dynasty, the final imperial house to rule from Beijing and one of the richest and most powerful empires the world has known.

To read more:

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/world/asia/18manchu.html?_r=1&ref=asia&oref=slogin

70% of Doctors Suffer Sleep Disorder

CRIEnglish.com reports:

On average 69 of every 100 doctors in China are suffering from sleep disorders, says a recent survey.

According to a report by the China News Service, this survey was jointly conducted by French pharmaceutical company Sanofi-Aventis and the Chinese Medical Doctor Association. 2,759 doctors aged from age 30 to 40, representing 30 hospitals in 12 Chinese cities, responded to the questionnaire. Almost 2000 of them admitted that they had sleep problems in the past year.

To read more:

http://english.cri.cn/3100/2007/03/16/63@206151.htm

IBM Report: Move into China's Hinterland

A new IBM study says:

IBM (NYSE: IBM) announced today the findings of a new study which concludes that in order for multinational companies to succeed in China they will need to develop strategies that focus more on China's mass markets, and increasingly less on top-tier cities where the competition is fierce and the market potential is maturing. The study defines "mass markets" as a combination of smaller, emerging cities with fast growth, such as Fuzhou and Hefei, that represent nearly 40 percent of China's urban population (234 million), and the rapidly growing consumer segment with household incomes between U.S. $3,000-$6,000 annually.

To read more on this issue:

http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21231.wss

And this McKinsey report:

http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/article_abstract.aspx?ar=1796&l2=16&l3=17&srid=297&gp=1

Intel Expands in China

Intel set to announce expansion plans in China.  Businessweek says:

Word leaked that China's National Development & Reform Commission gave Intel (INTC) the go-ahead to build a $2.5 billion chip-manufacturing facility in the northeastern city of Dalian, although Intel declined to comment on the matter.

While Intel declined to confirm the construction plans, rumors have been circulating for some time. Indeed the company has made no secret of plans to beef up manufacturing in mainland China.

To read more:

http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/mar2007/tc20070313_198288.htm?chan=globalbiz_asia_more+of+today%27s+top+stories

China's Math Gap

Chinese students need more help in math.  Read this Forbes story:

http://members.forbes.com/forbes/2007/0326/186.html?partner=magazine_newsletter

Investing in China's SOEs

A new commentary at McKinsey Quarterly says:

As more and more major Chinese state-owned enterprises list in Hong Kong and on international exchanges, the governance of those companies has become an increasingly important issue. This trend has been reinforced by the fact that foreign strategic investors are now allowed—for the first time—to acquire a significant shareholding in state-owned enterprises listed on China’s renminbi-denominated A-share exchanges, in Shanghai and Shenzhen.

Too often, however, investors and independent international directors remain unsure how governance really works in China’s state-owned enterprises and how it is changing. Outside directors on boards may be frustrated or simply puzzled by the seemingly invisible forces that make important decisions about, for example, appointments of chief executives or major acquisitions. In China’s state-owned enterprises, the board of directors often seems to have no more than the ability to rubber stamp the big decisions.

To read more:

http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/article_page.aspx?ar=1929&L2=39&L3=3&srid=17&gp=0

Boeing CEO Worries about Chinese Rival

ChannelNewsAsia reports:

China will soon be threatening major Western aircraft makers, Boeing boss James McNerney said in an interview with German weekly Der Spiegel to be published on Sunday.

Warning that it was wrong to think that there would only ever be Boeing and Airbus in competition, McNerney was quoted as saying, "The Chinese have well-trained people, a strong spirit of enterprise and an enormous domestic market."

To read more:

http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_world_business/view/263219/1/.html

The World's Largest Investment Fund

The AP reports:

China will soon create one of the world's largest investment funds, with ramifications for global stock, bond and commodities markets and for how the United States finances its budget deficits.

Finance Minister Jin Renqing said Friday the aim is to make more profitable use of China's foreign-currency reserves, which exceed $1 trillion and which have piled up as China has posted huge trade surpluses year after year. Most of those funds are now parked in safe, but relatively low-yielding, U.S. Treasury securities and other dollar-denominated assets.

To read more:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/09/AR2007030902152.html?referrer=email

Hirohito was critical of starting war

The Japan Times says:

The late Emperor Hirohito was critical of Japan's decision to start a war with China and felt his military planners had underestimated the enemy's strength, according to a recently found diary chronicled by his chamberlain between 1939 and 1945, Tokyo publisher Bungeishunju Ltd. said Friday.

To read more:

http://search.japantimes.co.jp/mail/nn20070310a1.html

Key Trends in China's Growth Story

Jonathan Anderson at the Globalist writes:

It's true that many of the elements of China's mainland growth in the 1990s and the first half of this decade are similar to those of the Asian “tigers” 30 years ago. However, most observers today have only vague memories of those heady Asian growth days of yore, and in any case China's experience also has a number of unique elements. Consider the following trends: 

To read more:

http://www.theglobalist.com/DBWeb/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=6029

No Homework in Shenzhen

CRIEnglish.com reports:

Shenzhen's Nanshan District Education Bureau has reduced the study load of students in the new semester, by demanding the district's 70 schools cancel after-school homework.

According to a new rule, students of primary schools are required to finish their homework within school hours, and 80 percent of the homework of junior high school students must be finished before they leave school.

At the same time, the bureau has also required teachers to design more study topics for pupils, which will enable the young people to conduct research, solve problems and train their abilities in logical thinking.

Though some parents have applauded the move to reduce the students' workload, others are puzzled as to what to do with their children in the evenings.

To read more:

http://english.cri.cn/3100/2007/03/07/1261@202899.htm

Smoking and Social Stability

Reuters via Yahoo reports:

China's stability could be threatened if the government tried to curb smoking, a senior official said on Wednesday at a discussion of the annual meeting of parliament.

"Smoking harms people's health, but restraining smoking threatens social stability," said Zhang Baozhen, deputy chief of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.

"Smokers rioted when the former Soviet Union collapsed because they could not get any cigarettes... The principle applies in China as well," Zhang said, responding to proposals from some members of China's parliamentary advisory body to curtail the smoking industry.

To read more:

http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070307/hl_nm/china_parliament_smoking_dc_3

Shanghai Cost of Living Comparision

The Shanghaiist blog notes the Economist magazine's 2007 Worldwide Cost of Living Survey (WCOL) for expatriate workers. To read more:

http://www.shanghaiist.com/archives/2007/03/08/hey_we_are_chea.php

More details found here:

http://eiu.enumerate.com/asp/wcol_WCOLHome.asp

A Chinese Religious Surge

IHT reports:

A recent poll by East China Normal University estimated that 31.4 percent of Chinese 16 or older are religious, putting the number of believers at roughly 400 million.

In recent years, official estimates had placed the number of believers at around 100 million, but the fact that the new survey's results were not only made public but were also reported by the government-controlled Chinese news media suggests that the survey has been given at least some official credence.

To read more:

http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/03/04/news/china.php

A Chinese Boeing Under Consideration

The China Economic Review reports:

China's State Council is considering a proposal that could see the country develop its own large passenger jets, industry sources told Reuters . The multibillion dollar project, the product of a recent hearing attended by government officials and industry experts, would ease China's reliance on the likes of Boeing and Airbus. AVIC I and AVIC II, the country's two state aircraft manufacturers would be involved along with the Commission of Science Technology and Industry for National Defense. It is said that a prototype would be produced by 2010. Both AVIC I and AVIC II make components for Boeing and Airbus and they also have experience developing civilian jets. According to the latest Airbus projections, China will need around 2,650 new passenger aircraft over the next 20 years.

Source:  www.chinaeconomicreview.com

Tax Honeymoon is Over in China

Tax changes are coming for MNCs in China.  AP reports:

BEIJING (AP) -- The tax honeymoon for foreign investors in China is ending.

For two decades, China has rewarded new investors with hefty tax breaks, helping to lure the nearly $700 billion in investment that has helped make this the world's fourth largest-economy, but fueling growing complaints by Chinese companies about unfair treatment.

To read more:

http://biz.yahoo.com/ap/070304/china_higher_taxes.html?.v=1

Entrepreneurial Spirit in China

Justin Chan at Insight writes:

After years of growing governmental support, entrepreneurial spirit in China has now reached a fever pitch. Opportunities are everywhere but diligent research, the right strategy  – plus passion and luck – are the factors determining boom from bust.

If you need proof that China is now one of the most capitalistic countries on the planet, consider the dramatic shift away from giant state-owned enterprises (SOEs) toward small and medium enterprises (SMEs) over the past 30 years. In 1978, SOEs contributed 78 percent of China's total industrial output, a figure that dropped to 26 percent just ten years ago. Today, according to a 2006 report commissioned by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of Commerce, SMEs in China now make up 99.6 percent of total enterprises in China, and fuel nearly 60 percent of the country's GDP.

Although private businesses began their emergence in the mid 1980s (such as the government's experimental approval of private business ownership in Wenzhou, which later spread to other cities), they were not officially granted legal status until the 1988 Amendments to the PRC Constitution. Today, private business ownership is actively encouraged by the Chinese government. While international entrepreneurs generally do not enjoy these new government perks, growing numbers are still entering the China market. They say the main challenge in launching a start-up in China now is simply to be on the right side of the risk-versus-reward equation.

To read more:

http://www.amcham-shanghai.org/AmchamPortal/MCMS/Presentation/Publication/Insight/InsightDetail.aspx?Guid={F4B51287-D74C-4B19-AA85-E2BD02140DBB}

More on the CIA Plot in 1952

Thomas Lifson at the American Thinker comments on the recent story in the China Daily about a CIA plot to overthrow the Japanese government in 1952.  He explains:

Recently, key CIA documents regarding the occupation were declassified, and a startling revelation has come to light: there was a serious coup attempt planned in 1952, shortly after the occupation ended, by a group of ultra-rightists, aiming to assassinate then-Prime Minister Yoshida, and install a hard line regime that could eliminate communist threats with more drastic measures than the fledgling democratic regime could undertake.

This AP story reveals the expected media spin on both Japan and the USA and beyond:

Japanese ultranationalists with ties to U.S. military intelligence plotted to overthrow the Japanese government and assassinate the prime minister in 1952.

The scheme, which was abandoned, was concocted by militarists and suspected war criminals who had worked for U.S. occupation authorities after World War II, according to CIA records reviewed by The Associated Press. The plotters wanted a right-wing government that would rearm Japan.

The fact that the US would apparently have nothing to do with the effort, that it was quashed or abandoned and never happened, and that Japan went on to recover spectacularly, is regarded as less relevant than the ties of the plotters to the Americans. Of course, they had ties! Any group of any significance which operated in the political sphere had such ties.

The larger point is military occupation puts the occupying power in touch with a lot of dubious people, whose efforts may be needed to offset other dubious people. Defeated evil regimes are full of such people, and they must be dealt with.

To read more:

http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2007/03/the_perils_of_occupation.html

CIA Plot in Japan in 1952

The China Daily reports:

Declassified documents reveal that Japanese ultranationalists with ties to U.S. military intelligence plotted to overthrow the Japanese government and assassinate the prime minister in 1952.

The scheme which was abandoned was concocted by militarists and suspected war criminals who had worked for U.S. occupation authorities after World War II, according to CIA records reviewed by The Associated Press. The plotters wanted a right-wing government that would rearm Japan.

The CIA files, declassified in 2005 and publicized by the U.S. National Archives in January, detail a plot to oust the pro-U.S. prime minister, Shigeru Yoshida, and install a more hawkish government led by Ichiro Hatoyama.

The CIA, in papers released under an act of the U.S. Congress to declassify documents related to Japanese war crimes, said the plotters were led by Takushiro Hattori, a former private secretary to Hideki Tojo, the wartime prime minister hanged as a war criminal in 1948.

Two CIA documents said the plot reportedly had the support of 500,000 people in Japan, and that the group planned to use a contact who controlled a faction inside the National Safety Agency ¡ª a precursor to the Defense Ministry ¡ª to help launch the coup.

To read more:

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2007-03/01/content_816384.htm

Netac takes on US rival in IPR

In the new issue of EuroBiz, I write:

In late October Netac, a Shenzhen-based manufacturer of computer flash memory products, brought a patent suit against an American rival in a federal court in Texas in what is believed to be the first high-profile case in which a mainland Chinese company has sued an American one for patent infringement.

The case involves rival PNY Technologies, based in Parsippany, New Jersey. Netac's lawyer said the suit was filed at the federal courthouse in Texarkana, Texas, because it has handled similar actions in the past.

"Within five years the number of patent litigations instigated by Chinese companies in the US will grow exponentially," Tom Jarvis, a patent attorney who practices before the US International Trade Commission (ITC), where many patent disputes involving China are heard, predicted in the Financial Times last fall.

To read more:

http://www.sinomedia.net/eurobiz/v200703/feature0703.html

America's Booming Service Trade

The Progressive Policy Institute reports:

As two or three new communications satellites reach their orbits each month, and fiber-optic submarine cables replace old copper wires, long-distance banking, news and entertainment broadcasts, accounting, telemarketing and telemedicine grows cheaper and easier each year. WTO reports reflect this: services trade grew by 81 percent between 2000 and 2005. Manufacturing trailed at 58 percent and agricultural at 52 percent. A natural result is a debate over "globalization" of services industries and "offshoring" of services jobs. Equally naturally, since Internet-based trade is quite new, the debate is often spiced up by hype, single-entry accounting, and big leaps to conclusions. Some general data on services trade, plus looks at two industries often given starring roles in the offshoring debate, provide a bit of context:

General: The United States is more a seller than a buyer of services. As of 2005, the United States supplied about $190 billion of the world's $1160 billion in commercial services exports. (The United Kingdom is second at $60 billion; fast-rising India is eighth at $44 billion.) American statistics, a bit more up-to-date than the WTO's, show exports and royalties rising by $84 billion between 2001 and 2006. (From $156 billion to $240 billion.) Meanwhile, commercial-services imports rose by $66 billion, from $74 billion to $140 billion. Thus a $76 billion commercial-services trade surplus in 2001 grew to $100 billion by 2006.

To read more:

http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?contentID=254207&knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=127&FREM=Y&sid=162754&mid=21842